- Writer / 記事を書いた人
-
- Haruka
-
Singapore(シンガポール)
Article
記事
Nudge Singapore
ナッジ・シンガポール
▼ 記事の音声を再生
＜Let's learn!＞
・A is described as B
・make A easier to B
・associate A with B
=====================================
Singapore is often described as a clean, modern, and multicultural city. It has famous landmarks like the Merlion, Marina Bay Sands, and Gardens by the Bay. But there is another side to Singapore that many people don’t notice: for years it has quietly used “nudges” to guide people’s behavior. A nudge is a small “push” in our surroundings that makes it easier to choose a better option, without ordering people to do it. Because people still feel they are choosing freely, nudges are often accepted more easily than strict rules.
The best-known example is the chewing gum ban. In Singapore, it is basically against the law to buy or sell gum. Before the ban, people stuck gum on streets, under desks, and even on train doors. This was unpleasant to clean. After the rule was introduced, public spaces became much cleaner, and many people began to associate Singapore with cleanliness and good manners.
Not all nudges are strict. At the Hawker Centre, many people enjoy cheap and tasty local food, and some stalls make healthier dishes a little cheaper or put signs next to them like “Healthier choice” or “We use healthier oil.” This guides customers toward choosing better food, but they still feel they are free to eat whatever they like. The government’s National Steps Challenge does something similar: People walk or exercise, collect points, and exchange them for prizes. Being healthy becomes fun.
Other nudges are very simple. On train platforms, arrows show where to stand and where people will get off. Train fares can be lower when you travel at less busy times. Outdoor gyms are placed near housing blocks, so exercise becomes an easy choice. These nudges are small, but together they change daily life. Do you think these kinds of nudges would work in Japan, too?
※桐原書店発行 Heartening English Communication I New Editionとのコラボレーション記事のため、日本語訳を掲載しません。
Key Points
キーポイント
Repeat each word(s) and example sentence(s) after your teacher/tutor.
先生の後に続いて、各フレーズ、単語、例文を言ってみましょう。自習の場合はスピーカーボタンを押して聞いてみましょう。
Key Phrases 重要表現
- A is described as B
-
AはBであると述べられる、AはBとして描写される、AはBと言われる
-
The internet is described as a huge library.
インターネットは巨大な図書館として描写されます。
- make A easier to B
-
AをBしやすくする、AをBするのをより簡単にする
-
Pictures make this book easier to read.
絵は、この本を読みやすくします。
- associate A with B
-
AをBと結びつけて考える、AからBを連想する
-
Many people began to associate the town with delicious seafood.
多くの人々が、その町を美味しい魚介類と結びつけて考えるようになりました。
Key Vocabulary 重要単語・熟語
- multicultural
-
ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃɚ.əl
多文化的な、多文化の
形容詞
- including people who have many different customs and beliefs
-
Our university offers a multicultural environment for students.
私たちの大学は、学生に多文化的な環境を提供しています。
- landmark
-
ˈlænd.mɑːrk
目印、陸標、歴史的建造物
名詞
- a building or place that is easily recognized, especially one that you can use to judge where you are
-
We visited several historical landmarks during our trip to Rome.
私たちはローマ旅行中に、いくつかの歴史的な建造物を訪れました。
- behavior
-
bɪˈheɪ.vjɚ
振る舞い、行動、態度
名詞
- the way that someone behaves
-
Parents try to understand their children's changing behavior
親は子どもたちの変化する行動を理解しようと努めます。
- accept
-
əkˈsept
受け入れる、承諾する、容認する
動詞
- to agree to take something, or to consider something as satisfactory
-
His apology was finally accepted by the team members.
彼の謝罪はついにチームメンバーたちに受け入れられました。
- ban
-
bæn
禁止、禁止令
名詞
- an official order that prevents something from happening
-
Many citizens supported the plastic bag ban to protect the ocean.
多くの市民が、海を守るためにレジ袋の禁止を支持しました。
- stick
-
stɪk
貼る、くっつける、突き刺す
動詞
- to cause something to become fixed, for example with glue or another sticky substance
-
The kids stuck colorful stars all over their bedroom walls.
子どもたちは寝室の壁中にカラフルな星を貼り付けました。
- unpleasant
-
ʌnˈplez.ənt
不快な、嫌な、面白くない
形容詞
- not enjoyable or pleasant
-
She had an unpleasant experience at the store.
彼女はそのお店で嫌な思いをしました。
- cleanliness
-
ˈklen.li.nəs
清潔さ、きれい好き
名詞
- the state of being clean, or the act of keeping things clean
-
He was impressed by the perfect cleanliness.
彼は完璧な清潔さに感銘を受けました。
- fare
-
fer
運賃、料金
名詞
- the money that you pay for a journey in a vehicle such as a bus or train
-
Domestic flight fares tend to go up during the holiday season.
国内線の航空運賃は、休暇シーズンには上がる傾向があります。
Others その他
- nudge
-
nʌdʒ
そっと行動を促すこと、そっと後押しすること
名詞
- something that encourages or persuades someone to do something in a gentle way
-
A gentle nudge from a teacher can change a student's attitude.
先生からの優しい後押しが、生徒の態度を変えることがあります。
- stall
-
stɑːl
露店、屋台、売店
名詞
- a large table or a small shop with an open front from which goods are sold in a public place
-
The local market stalls open very early in the morning to sell fresh fish.
地元の市場の露店は、新鮮な魚を売るために朝とても早く開きます。
- arrow
-
ˈer.oʊ
矢印、矢
名詞
- a sign consisting of a straight line with an upside down v shape at one end of it that points in a particular direction.
-
Bright arrows guided the marathon runners through the complex city center.
明るい矢印が、複雑な市の中心部を通るマラソンランナーたちを導きました。
Practice
練習
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.
空欄を埋めて文章を完成させましょう。
The old castle (___)(___)(___) a symbol of the historic town
その古いお城は、歴史的な町の象徴として描写されています。
ヒント：A is described as B
- 回答を見る
The old castle (is) (described) (as) a symbol of the historic town.
The new train (___) the countryside (___)(___) visit.
その新しい電車は、田舎を訪れやすくします。
ヒント：make A easier to B
- 回答を見る
The new train (makes) the countryside (easier)(to) visit.
Many children (___) Halloween (___) pumpkins.
多くの子供たちは、ハロウィーンからカボチャを連想します。
ヒント：associate A with B
- 回答を見る
Many children (associate) Halloween (with) pumpkins.
Article
記事（英文のみ）
Read the article aloud on your own or repeat each paragraph after your teacher/tutor.
記事を自分で読む、または先生に続いて段落毎に読んでみましょう。
Nudge Singapore
＜Let's learn!＞
・A is described as B
・make A easier to B
・associate A with B
=====================================
Singapore is often described as a clean, modern, and multicultural city. It has famous landmarks like the Merlion, Marina Bay Sands, and Gardens by the Bay. But there is another side to Singapore that many people don’t notice: for years it has quietly used “nudges” to guide people’s behavior. A nudge is a small “push” in our surroundings that makes it easier to choose a better option, without ordering people to do it. Because people still feel they are choosing freely, nudges are often accepted more easily than strict rules.
The best-known example is the chewing gum ban. In Singapore, it is basically against the law to buy or sell gum. Before the ban, people stuck gum on streets, under desks, and even on train doors. This was unpleasant to clean. After the rule was introduced, public spaces became much cleaner, and many people began to associate Singapore with cleanliness and good manners.
Not all nudges are strict. At the Hawker Centre, many people enjoy cheap and tasty local food, and some stalls make healthier dishes a little cheaper or put signs next to them like “Healthier choice” or “We use healthier oil.” This guides customers toward choosing better food, but they still feel they are free to eat whatever they like. The government’s National Steps Challenge does something similar: People walk or exercise, collect points, and exchange them for prizes. Being healthy becomes fun.
Other nudges are very simple. On train platforms, arrows show where to stand and where people will get off. Train fares can be lower when you travel at less busy times. Outdoor gyms are placed near housing blocks, so exercise becomes an easy choice. These nudges are small, but together they change daily life. Do you think these kinds of nudges would work in Japan, too?
※桐原書店発行 Heartening English Communication I New Editionとのコラボレーション記事のため、日本語訳を掲載しません。
Questions
質問
Answer the questions based on the article.
記事の内容から質問に回答しましょう。
Why are nudges often accepted more easily than strict rules?
なぜナッジは厳しい規則よりも受け入れられやすいことが多いのですか？
ヒント：Because people still feel ～
- 回答を見る
Because people still feel they are choosing freely.
Why was the chewing gum ban introduced in Singapore?
なぜシンガポールでチューインガムの禁止が導入されたのですか？
ヒント：Before the ban, people ～
- 回答を見る
Because people stuck gum on streets, under desks, and even on train doors, and it was unpleasant to clean.
In Singapore, are train fares the same at all times of the day?
シンガポールでは、電車の運賃は1日のすべての時間帯で同じですか？
ヒント：Train fares can be ～
- 回答を見る
No, they aren't.
Discussion
ディスカッション
Let’s have a discussion about the theme with your teacher/tutor or classmates.
先生やクラスメートとテーマについて話し合いましょう。
With your teacher/tutor 先生とのディスカッション
Which do you think makes a city better: strict rules (punishment) or nudges (small hints)?
街をより良くするためには、厳しい規則（罰則）とナッジ（小さなヒント）のどちらが良いと思いますか？
I think ～ are better. Because ～.
Can you find any "nudges" in Japan?
日本で何か「ナッジ」を見つけることはできますか？
Yes, I can. For example, ～.
In Japan, we don't have a chewing gum ban, but our streets are usually clean. Why do you think Japanese people keep the streets clean without a strict ban?
日本にはチューインガムの禁止令はありませんが、道路はたいてい綺麗です。厳しい禁止令がなくても日本人が道を綺麗に保っているのはなぜだと思いますか？
I think it is because ～.
With your classmates クラスメートとのディスカッション
Is there any problem with Japanese people's behavior that you want to solve?
日本人の行動で、あなたが解決したい問題は何かありますか？
Yes,I do. I want to solve the problem of ～. / No, I don't.
If healthier foods become cheaper in Japan, would you choose them more often? And why?
もし日本でより健康的な食べ物が安くなったら、あなたはそれらをもっと頻繁に選びますか？そしてそれはなぜですか？
Yes, I would./ No, I wouldn't. Because ～.
Imagine your school. Some students don’t follow school rules. What kind of "nudge" can we make to solve this problem?
あなたの学校を想像してください。一部の生徒が校則を守りません。この問題を解決するために、どのような「ナッジ」を作ることができますか？
We can make a nudge like ～.
